RIMT

Human Values & Professional Ethics ( MBA )

UNIT-1

Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value Education Understanding the need, basic guidelines, content and process for Value Education, Self-Exploration–what is it? - its content and process; ‘Natural Acceptance’ and Experiential Validation- as the mechanism for self exploration, Continuous Happiness and Prosperity- A look at basic Human Aspirations, Right understanding, Relationship and Physical Facilities- the basic requirements for fulfillment of aspirations of every human being with their correct priority, Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly- A critical appraisal of the current scenario, Method to fulfill the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony at various levels.

UNIT-2 Understanding Harmony in the Human Being - Harmony in Myself

Understanding human being as a co-existence of the sentient ‘I’ and the material ‘Body’, Understanding the needs of Self (‘I’) and ‘Body’ - Sukh and Suvidha, Understanding the Body as an instrument of ‘I’ (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer), Understanding the characteristics and activities of ‘I’ and harmony in ‘I’, Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Swasthya; correct appraisal of Physical needs, meaning of Prosperity in detail, Programs to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya.

UNIT-3 Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human-Human Relationship Understanding harmony in the Family- the basic unit of human interaction , Understanding values in human-human relationship; meaning of Nyaya and program for its fulfillment to ensure Ubhay-tripti; Trust (Vishwas) and Respect (Samman) as the foundational values of relationship, Understanding the meaning of Vishwas; Difference between intention and competence, Understanding the meaning of Samman, Difference between respect and differentiation; the other salient values in relationship, Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family): Samadhan, Samridhi, Abhay, Sah-astitva as comprehensive Human Goals, Visualizing a universal harmonious order in societyUndivided Society (AkhandSamaj), Universal Order (SarvabhaumVyawastha )- from family to world family!.

UNIT-4 Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as Co-existence

Understanding the harmony in the Nature, Interconnectedness and mutual fulfillment among the four orders of nature- recyclability and self-regulation in nature, Understanding Existence as Co-existence (Sah-astitva) of mutually interacting units in all-pervasive space, Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence.

UNIT-5 Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics Natural acceptance of human values, Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct, Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order, Competence in Professional Ethics: a) Ability to utilize the professional competence for augmenting universal human order, b) Ability to identify the scope and characteristics of people-friendly and eco-friendly production systems, technologies and management models, Case studies of typical holistic technologies, management models and production systems, Strategy for transition from the present state to Universal Human Order: a) At the level of individual: as socially and ecologically responsible engineers, technologists and managers, b) At the level of society: as mutually enriching institutions and organizations.

Full Notes

पीपीटी नोट्स

मानव आकांक्षा

नैतिकता:- नैतिकता सिद्धांतों के रूप में जो हमारे व्यवहार को सर्वोत्तम विकल्प बनाने की दिशा में मार्गदर्शन करती है जो सभी के सामान्य अच्छे में योगदान देती है। नैतिकता वह है जो हमें सच बोलने, अपने वादों को पूरा करने, या किसी ज़रूरतमंद की मदद करने के लिए मार्गदर्शन करती है। दैनिक आधार पर हमारे जीवन में नैतिकता का एक ढांचा है, जो सकारात्मक प्रभाव पैदा करने वाले निर्णय लेने में हमारी मदद करता है और हमें अन्यायपूर्ण परिणामों से दूर रखता है। हमारे द्वारा चुने गए विकल्पों के माध्यम से नैतिकता दुनिया को एक बेहतर जगह बनाने के लिए हमारा मार्गदर्शन करती है।

Ethics in business is just as important as ethics in personal life. Business leaders have a unique role and a great responsibility in shaping the ethical culture of their businesses, and thereby influence their broader communities as well.

Ethics When Things Go Wrong:- It is not easy to handle a business crisis, but avoiding it or postponing a response could make it worse. Businesses should think ethically when coming up with a plan to handle an ethical crisis. In other words, act in a way that promotes the greatest common good and encourages trust rather than diminishing it.

Some situations may warrant the advice of a lawyer and a crisis expert. Here are some general practices that could be followed:

· Be open and transparent

· Prioritize those impacted by the situation

· Apologize

· Fix the problem

Ethics is a Lifestyle:- Ethics has influence over the decisions we make and the actions we take, from our personal lives to our professional careers, and beyond. We are all part of an interconnected global community. Our contributions to the common good, no matter how big or how small, can have a lasting impact. Choosing an ethical lifestyle will ensure our impact is positive. Business leaders have a unique opportunity to create and influence the ethical culture of their businesses and among their stakeholders. Even bringing ethics into your business mindset will help you approach situations in a more ethical way. And if you are unsure how to create an ethical culture in your business, leading by example is a great way to start. It’s a simple as be good, do good.

The Need for Value Education:- Value Education is a process of increasing the overall character of a student, it also includes character development, personality development and spiritual development, it develops a sensible person with strong character and values.

It is an action that can take place in human society, during which the people are helped by others, who may be older.

The purpose of values-based education is to make the student work with the right attitude and standards to face the outside world.

a) To understand “what to do”, we need Value Education

b) To develop a holistic perspective, we need Value Education

Importance of value education:

It gives the students a progressive way for their future and also helps them to know the real purpose of their life.
This makes it clear to them, the best way to live a life that can be helpful to individuals as well as people around.
Value education helps students to become more responsive and practical.
This helps them to better recognize the perception of life and lead a positive life as a responsible resident.
It also helps in developing a strong relationship with family and friends.
It changes the personality and character of the students.
Value education changes a positive opinion about life in the student’s mind.
In the current political climate, you can claim that it is more important than ever.
Values education is teaching and learning about the ideals that society considers important.
The objective of the students is not only to recognize the values but also to reflect them in their behaviour and attitudes.

Scope of Value Education:

· To contribute to society through good residence and trust.

· Moral education, personality education, ethics and philosophy have tried to do similar things.

· In the United States, character education defines 6 character education programs in schools which aim to teach important values, such as friendliness, fairness, and social justice, and to influence the behaviour and attitudes of students.

Components of value education: The intrinsic value of good behaviour, empathy and cooperation. Interaction with the environment that includes living and non-living beings.

National History and Heritage
Constitutional right
Community Development
National Integration

Types of value education:

a) Personal Values: Personal values mean whatever a person needs in a social relationship. Some of the personal values are beauty, morality, confidence, self-motivation, regularity, ambition, courage, vision, imagination etc.

b) Social Values: A person cannot live in the world without communicating with others. People want social values like love, affection, friendship, noble groups, reference groups, impurity, hospitality, bravery, service, justice, freedom, patience, forgiveness, coordination, sympathy, tolerance, etc. Social values are more important for a healthy and good environment for every organization.

c) Moral Values: Ethical values, value others and themselves respect the authority of others, keep promises, avoid unnecessary problems with others, avoid cheating and dishonesty, thanking others and making them work Encourage.

d) Spiritual values: The ultimate moral value is called spiritual value. Spiritual values are purity, meditation, yoga, discipline, control, clarity and devotion to God, etc. Spiritual value education highlights the principles of self-discipline. Self-discipline satisfaction, lack of needs, general greed and freedom from seriousness.

e) Universal Values: It is universal values that specify the sense of the human condition. It is through universal values that we associate ourselves with humanity and the universe. Universal values can be experienced as life, joy, brotherhood, love, sympathy, service, heaven, truth and eternity.

f) Cultural Values: Cultural values are concerned with right and wrong, good and bad, customs and behaviour. Cultural values are reflected in language, ethics, social hierarchy, aesthetics, education, law, economics, philosophy and social organizations of all kinds. After classifying the values, we should determine which of the above values is the most meaningful. Universal values are our foundation if we enjoy a prosperous, deep, full life.

Guidelines for Value Education:

· Universal - Whatever is studied as value education needs to be universally applicable to all human beings and be true at all times and all places. It should not depend on sect, creed, nationality, race, gender, etc.

· Rational - It has to be amenable to logical reasoning. It should not be based on blind beliefs.

· Verifiable - The student should be able to verify the values by checking with one's own experience, and is not asked to believe just because it is stated in the course.

· Leading to Harmony - Values have to enable us to live in peace and harmony within our own self as well as with others (human being and rest of nature).

Content of Value Education:- Holistic, All Encompassing Covers all 4 dimensions as an Individual:

1. Thought

2. Behaviour

3. Work

4. Understanding/Realization

Eg. In Thought – we want to have clarity (a state of resolution, solution) NOT confusion (a state of problem) Covers all 4 levels as a Society:

1. Individual

2. Family

3. Society

4. Nature/Existence

Eg. As a Family, Society – we want Fearlessness / Trust NOT fear (due to mistrust / opposition)

Process of Value Education:-

1. Universal – all time, all place, all individuals

2. Rational – logical, appeals to human reasoning

3. Natural – Naturally Acceptable to human being & there is provision in Nature for its

fulfilment

4. Verifiable – through one’s own Natural Acceptance as well as experience in Living

5. All Encompassing – covering all aspects of human existence

6. Leading to Harmony – among human beings and with nature

Value Education

Moral Education

Proposal,

↓

Self Verification Understanding,

↓

Knowing Self Motivated, Unconditional

· Self Discipline (Lo&अनुशासन )

· Swatantrata (Lora=rk)

Do‟s & Don'ts

↓

Preconditioning,

↓

Assuming Externally Motivated,

· Conditional - Fear / Incentive

· Partantrata (ijra=rk)

Self exploration:- Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself. What is right for me and true for me has to be judged within myself. Once we start paying attention towards investigating into our present beliefs and aspirations, we get to know whether our aspirations and what we really want to be (i.e. what is naturally acceptable to us) are one and the same or not. If they are the same, then it’s no problem. But if the two are different, it means that we are leading a life against our natural acceptance. Such a life cannot bring us happiness.

Self exploration is a process of discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This enables us to look at the confusions and contradictions within us and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

Once we start observing inside, we can achieve harmony at all levels of our living. Content of self exploration involves finding answers for the following fundamental questions of all the human beings:

a) The Desire/Goal/Aspiration: What is my (human) Desire/ Goal? What do I really want in life, or what is the goal of human life?

b) The Program: What is my (human) program for fulfilling my aspirations? How to fulfil it? What is the program to actualize the above?

In short, the above two questions cover the whole domain of human aspirations and human endeavor. Thus, they form the content of self- exploration.

Purpose of Self exploration:- Purpose of Self-Exploration: Self exploration helps us to identify our innateness (Svatva) and move towards Self-Organization (Lora=rk) (Swantantrata) and Self-Expression (Swarajya).

§ It is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’.

§ It is a process of self evolution through self-investigation.

§ It is a process of knowing oneself and through that, knowing the entire existence.

§ It is a process of recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in existence and fulfilling it.

§ It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly.

§ It is a process of being in harmony with oneself and in harmony with entire existence.

Self exploration is a process of dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you

really want to be’. Explain and illustrate.

(Or)

Explain the process of self exploration with the help of a diagram.

Self exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself. What is right for me and true for me has to be judged within myself. Once we start paying attention towards investigating into our present beliefs and aspirations, we get to know whether our aspirations and what we really want to be (i.e. what is naturally acceptable to us) are one and the same or not. If they are the same, then it’s no problem. But if the two are different, it means that we are leading a life against our natural acceptance. Such a life cannot bring us happiness.

Process of Self-Exploration: The process of self exploration may initially begin as a dialogue between two people, but eventually it becomes a dialogue within yourself. It is a dialogue between ‘what you are’ and ‘what you really want to be’. Self exploration enables us to look at the confusions and contradictions within us and resolve them by becoming aware of our natural acceptance.

The following points are to be kept in mind regarding the process of Self-Exploration:

· Whatever is stated is a proposal

· Don’t start by assuming it to be true or false

· Verify it on your own right

· Don’t just accept or reject it on the basis of scriptures, instruments or on the basis of others.

The following two steps are involved in the process of Self-Exploration:

§ Firstly, verify the proposal on the basis of your natural acceptance

§ Secondly, live according to the proposal to validate it experientially.

Natural Acceptance: It is the process of seeing and observing everything attentively and then using your inner conscience to get the answer from within. It is a way to bring out the goodness in everything naturally. It helps us to learn everything that is good from others and absorb it in our own way, but without changing our identity.  It does not change with time/age.

· It doesn’t depend on place

· It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditioning

· It is always there within us

· It is the same for all of us.

Realization and Understanding:

The process of Self-Exploration results in ‘Realization’ and ‘Understanding’ in us. This realization and understanding leads to the following answers –

· Assuring

· Satisfying

· Universal with respect to Time, Space and Individual.

a) Natural acceptance does not change with time/age. It remains invariant with time. For example our natural acceptance for trust and respect does not change with age.

b) It does not depend on the place. Whatever we have naturally accepted in our life does not change with our age, place or time. For example our desire for respect doesn’t change with age or with a change in our place.

c) It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditionings. No matter how deep our beliefs or past conditionings, as long as we keep investigating deep into ourselves, the answers will always be the same. Natural acceptance does not get influenced by our beliefs or past conditionings. For example, we may believe that money is the most important thing in life. But looking deep down in our heart , we know that money alone cannot keep us happy.

d) This natural acceptance is always there within us. Natural acceptance is always present within us, it always tells us what is right.

e) Natural acceptance is the same for all of us: Each one of us have our own lifestyle, beliefs, preconditioning, etc. But deep inside our minds, the purpose of all human desires, success and achievements are based on common goals like the need to be happy, need to be respected and cared for, need to be prosperous etc. So the basic natural acceptance remains the same for all the human beings.

All human beings can lead a happy and prosperous life as long as they follow their natural acceptance. All miseries begin only when we start going against our Natural acceptance.

Sanyam

Sanyam means the feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection, and right utilization of the body.

Self-control or Sanyam is the control of the mind and its desires, urges, emotions, and delusions. It is controlling the outgoing tendencies of the mind and the senses and bringing them back to ourselves within. Self-control is the key to success in any field of life and it is an indispensable necessity for self-realization, the goal of a spiritual quest. The practice of self-control is most purifying because self-control transforms the quality of our mind.

Advantages of Self Control

1. Keeps a check on wrong habits, addictions, etc.
2. Gives us confidence and improves our self-esteem.
3. Keeps our emotions in control.
4. Creates peace of mind, balance, and a sense of equanimity (equilibrium, calmness)
5. Helps us to take charge of our own life.
6. Makes us more responsible and efficient in achieving our goals.

Obstacles in the Path of Self Control

1. Inability to understand the true meaning of self-control.
2. Overwhelming emotional outbursts
3. Acting without thinking
4. Mo incentive (encouragement) to exercising self-control
5. Lack of faith in one’s own abilities
6. Lack of confidence
7. Thinking that self-control is the opposite of fun.
8. Hedonistic life values – the attitude of ‘eat drink and be merry’ which may encourage losing control.

Swasthya:

Swasthya is the condition of the body where every part of the body is performing its expected function. The word Swasthya literally means being anchored to the self, being in close harmony with the self.

In other words, Swasthya, in Sanskrit means self-dependence (Swa = our own). Also, embedded in its meaning is health, sound state, comfort and satisfaction. In Hindi, the most widely spoken language of India, it merely means health. In this case, using the Hindi accent, it is pronounced “Suasti”.
Health is the general condition of a person. It is also a level of functional and/or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human.

At the time of the creation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1948, health was defined as being ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity’. In 1986, the WHO, in the Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion, said that health is ‘a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities’.

Happiness

The state or situation in which I live if there is harmony/ synergy in it, then I like to be in that state or situation. i.e. to be in the state of liking is happiness.

Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources. Happiness may be described as consisting of positive emotions and positive activities. There may be three kinds of happiness: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. In other words, freedom from want and distress, consciousness of the good order of things, assurance of one’s place in the universe or society, inner peace, and so forth. Happiness is the state of mind, where we feel good in most of the walks of life.

Prosperity

Prosperity is the feeling of having or making available more than required physical facilities.

To ascertain prosperity, two things are essential:

1. Correct assessment of the need for physical facilities, and
2. The competence of making available more than required physical facilities (through production).

when we are able to cater to the needs of the body adequately, we feel prosperous. This is the state of enlightenment towards a better life and a happy society.

Difference between Prosperity and Wealth

While understanding prosperity let us look at another point – the difference between wealth and prosperity. Almost all of us feel that wealth alone means prosperity and try to explain this phenomenon on this non-existent or half fact.

Wealth is a physical thing. It means having money or having a lot of physical facilities or both. Prosperity is a feeling of having more than required physical facilities.

let us explore what is naturally acceptable to us :

- - Accumulating more and more wealth while feeling deprived Or

- - Having requisite wealth and feeling prosperous.

Our basic desire is to feel prosperous, and wealth is a means to that end.

Unit III

Pdf Notes

CHAPTER VIII: Harmony In The Family – Understanding Values In Human Relationships

Family is the Basic Unit of all Interaction: Each of us is born into a family which includes a number of relationships. These relationships are the reality of our life. We recognize and identify these individuals. We share our feelings, tastes, interests and understanding with these people and have an affinity for them.

Beginning with our family as the basic unit of interaction, we extend our interactions to the immediate neighbourhood such as the shopkeepers, servants, classmates, teachers, colleagues etc. Thus we extend our interactions from beginning from our family to a bigger social order and then move further to a still bigger web of interdependency.

Set of proposals to verify Harmony in the Family:

1. Relationship IS and it exists between the Self (‘I’) and the other Self (‘I’): In a family, we do not create relationships. Instead we are embedded into relationships that are already there and all that we need to do is to recognize them and understand them.

2. The Self (‘I’) has feelings in a relationship. These feelings are between (‘I’) and (‘I’): In any relationship, it is the person’s Self (I) that is related to the other person’s Self (I). The body is only a means to express our relationship. For example, in a mother and a child, it is the Self of the mother and the Self of the child who feel connected. Their bodies are incapable of understanding or having feelings.

3. These feelings in the (‘I’) are definite. i.e. they can be identified with definiteness: The feelings in a relationship between “I” and “I” such as Trust, Respect, Affection etc., can be identified with clarity. These feelings are the values which characterize any relationship.

4. Recognizing and Fulfilling these feelings lead to Mutual Happiness in a relationship: Once we recognize the values essential for any relationship, we start working and behaving according to these feelings. We begin evaluating ours’ and others’ feelings in the relationship. Thus living with these values leads to mutual fulfillment and happiness in all our relationships.

Justice (Nyaya): Justice is the recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfilment, the right evaluation of the fulfilment resulting in mutual happiness. Justice concerns itself with the proper ordering of things and people within a society. There are four elements: Recognition of values, fulfilment, evaluation and mutual happiness ensured. When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured. Mutual fulfilment is the hallmark of justice. And justice is essential in all relationships. Justice starts from family and slowly expands to the world family. The child gets the understanding of justice in the family. With this understanding, he goes out in the society and interacts with people.

If the understanding of justice is ensured in the family, there will be justice in all the interactions we have in the world at large. If we do not understand the values in relationships, we are governed by our petty prejudices and conditionings. We may treat people as high or low based on their body (particular caste, or sex or race or tribe), on the basis of wealth one possesses or the belief systems that one follows. All this is source of injustice and leads to fragmented society while our natural acceptance is for an undivided society and universal human order. Having explored the harmony in the human beings, we are able to explore the harmony in the family. This enables us to understand the harmony at the level of society and nature/existence. And this is the way, the harmony in our living grows. We slowly get the competence to live in harmony with all human beings.

Present Scenario: Differentiation (Disrespect) in relationships on the basis of body, physical facilities, or beliefs –

Respect means accepting individuality and doing right evaluation (to be evaluated as I am). Our basis for respect today is largely quite contrary to our discussion above. Instead of respect being a basis of similarity or one of right evaluation, we have made it into something on the basis of which we differentiate i.e. by respecting you mean you are doing something special, because you are special or have something special or are in some special position. Thus, all of us are running around seeking respect from one another by trying to become something special.

Today, we are differentiating in the name of respect. We either differentiate people on the basis of their body, on the basis of their wealth and possessions or on the basis of their beliefs. There is no notion of respect in terms of right evaluation. Thus, there is no real feeling of relationship, only one of differentiation.

On the basis of body

· Sex/gender: We ignore the fact that being male or female is an attribute of the body, and not an attribute at the level of ‘I’. And differentiate in giving respect on the basis of gender called male and females. In many countries, people even prefer a male child to a female child, and in some other societies, the other way round.

· Race: If the person is of the same race as oneself, then we treat them differently. For example, we differentiate on the basis of skin colour – white, brown, black etc. or on the basis of whether the person is of Aryan race, Mongolian race etc. or on the basis of caste. Again here, we don’t do the evaluation on the basis of ‘I’, but on the basis of the body

· Age: We have notions such as ‘one must respect elders’. There is no such notion as respect youngsters. Here, we see that we are again evaluating at the level of the body – age is related to the body, and not to ‘I’.

· Physical strength: If someone is stronger, we again treat him/her differently. This is again at the level of the body. In fact, we think that we are respecting the other while it is fear; the fear that if we do not treat them like this, we will be harmed.

On the basis of physical facilities

· Wealth: We differentiate people because some have wealth than others. What we term as a “rich person” gets idolized. We don’t even bother to find out whether such people are feeling prosperous, or if they just have wealth. This way, we are over-evaluating physical facilities first, which are just meant to fulfil the needs of the body, and then on this basis, we are wrongly identifying our relationship.

· Post: We try to respect on the basis of a person’s position. The post is wrongly evaluated as the mark of a person’s excellence and differentiation sets in. The post is considered important either on the basis that it gives more physical facilities or on the basis that certain positions are assumed to be important. In our education, we are trained directly or indirectly to earn posts for us to fetch respect.

On the basis of beliefs

· ‘Isms’: ‘Ism’ means any belief in terms of a ‘thought-system’ that we have, or that we have adopted. There are also many modern ‘isms’ such as capitalism, socialism, communism, etc. The people following these sets of beliefs are called capitalists, socialists, communists, and so on. The people that have adopted them or are following them have been exposed to them since childhood. Believing theirs to be the right belief. However, all beliefs, as we have seen are at the level of desires, thoughts and expectations (selections) in ‘I’. There is no definiteness at this level, and hence, this becomes a cause for differentiation.

· Sects: People of one sect only consider those with a similar belief system to be their ‘own’ and worthy of respect. Following a particular tradition, or what we call as religion, becomes the basis of respect and disrespect in relationship.

The Problems Faced Due To Differentiation In Relationships:

Differentiation based on sex/gender: Issue of women’s rights, and women protesting and demanding for equality in education, in jobs, and in peoples’ representation. People are insecure and afraid of one another based on their gender.

Differentiation based on race: there are many movements and protect against racial discrimination and demands for equality, racial attacks, movements against cast discrimination has people living in fear of such racism, racist attacks, casticism and discrimination.

Differentiation based on age: Protests and movements demanding for equal rights for children on the one hand and for rights for elderly people on the other, generation gap

Differentiation based on wealth: Class struggle and movements to do away with class-differentiation. Many people suffering from a lack of self-esteem and some even committing suicide,

Differentiation based on post: Protests against high handed government officials. At the level of the individual, leads to depression, etc.

Differentiation based on ’isms: Fights, turmoil, terrorism and war, people converting from one Ism to another in order to be able to get more respect.

Differentiation based on sects: Countless religions and sects and each sect has its own movement to ensure that there is no discrimination against people of their belief and demands for special provisions in jobs and in education.

Foundation Value and Complete Value in Human Relationship: There are certain basic and important values in maintaining relationship. These values, we all know, are the backbone of health and happy family relations. The feelings, emotions, sentiments and respect all are of real importance. These values lead to elimination of friction and establishment of total harmony in relationship on long term basis. Values that are important in any relationship are:

Feelings / Values in Relationships
S.No.	Feeling
1	Trust / Visvasa
2	Respect / Sammana
3	Affection / Sneha
4	Care / Mamata
5	Guidance / Vatsalya
6	Reverence / Shraddha
7	Glory / Gaurava
8	Gratitude / Kritagyata
9	Love / Prema

1. Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous.” If we have trust in the other, we are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary.

There are two aspects in trust:

i. Intention (wanting to – our natural acceptance)

ii. Competence (being able to do)

Both intention and competence are the aspects of trust. Intention is what one aspires for (our natural acceptance) and competence is the ability to fulfil the aspiration. In intention every human being wants to do what is right, only the competence may be lacking which needs to be developed through proper understanding and practice. But what we are doing today is that when we are judging ourself we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we are judging the other we are judging him on the basis of his competence.

“ If you trust everybody, people will take undue advantage of you”. What is the basic error

in this statement?

The basic error is that if we trust everybody people will not take undue advantage of me. On the contrary, it gives us inner strength and we become far more effective in interacting with and “dealing with different people”. This is simply because, we already are sitting with the knowledge of what the person truly wants, truly intends, even though the person may not know this himself/herself! Hence, our ability to interact with people becomes far more effective and in the process, we don’t get hurt, we don’t get disturbed, we end up becoming an aid to the other. In other words, becoming aware, having the right understanding, living with the assurance in relationship does not mean becoming “stupid”! It only makes us, more competent. Further, what is being said here is that we have trust on the intention of everyone, but, when it comes to making a program with someone, I evaluate my competence, I evaluate his competence and make the program accordingly. This makes me more effective.

2. Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see our self different from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am.

Difference between Respect and Differentiation / Disrespect:

Respect	Differentiation
1. Respect is right evaluation.	1. Differentiation is lack of understanding of respect.
2. Respect for others is generated by the right evaluation and understanding which leads to fulfilment in relationships. This further creates a sense of respect among people	2. This differentiation can take the form of: o Gender bias o Generation gap o Caste struggle o Power play and domination o Communal violence o Clash of race, religion, etc. o class struggle,
	3. This leads to the escalation in the problems of society which further lowers the respect shown to others in society.

3. Affection: Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Affection comes when I recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar.

4. Care: The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative. Or in other words a state of mind in which one is troubled; worry, anxiety, or concern is called care.

5. Guidance: The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative) is called guidance. We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings. We also understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural acceptance, desire of wanting continuous happiness and the program of living in harmony at all the four levels.

6. Reverence: The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence. When we see that the other has achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmony at all the levels of living ensuring continuity of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her.

7. Glory: Each one of us wants to live with continuous happiness and prosperity. Each one of us has the similar faculty of natural acceptance, has the same goal and program and we have the same potential to realize this. Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.

8. Gratitude: Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my excellence. Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how they interpret the situation.

9. Love: Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love is a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings.

The word love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my wife"). "Love" can also refer specifically to the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love, to the sexual love of Eros (cf. Greek words for love), to the emotional closeness of familial love, or to the platonic love that defines friendship, to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love. This diversity of uses and meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, even compared to other emotional states.

The above mentioned values are the core of all relations. One has to follow all to gain on the day to day problems. These values are intrinsic and available in every person. We need to find out in ourselves and implement. Without implementation, one cannot think of a strong family relation.

The Basis of Undivided Society (Akhanda Samaja) – The World Family:

The feelings of being related to every human being leads to our participation in an undivided society. By living in relationship in the family, we get the occasion to gain the assurance that the other person is an aid to me and not a hindrance. The family is a laboratory of sorts, in which we live our understanding and relationship. With the understanding of values in human relationship, we are able to recognize the connectedness with every individual correctly and fulfil it. On getting assured, it becomes easy to see that society is an extension of family and that it is possible to live in harmony with every human being- thus laying the foundation for an undivided society- from family to world family.